Early modern philosopher who rejected religious authority in the quest for scientific and philosophical knowledge.

Leading light of the 20th century American school of thought known as pragmatism.

The most prominent of the French Encyclopedists and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment.

3rd century biographer of ancient Greek philosophers.

Pupil of Anaximenes and contemporary of Anaxagoras in the 6th cn. BCE.

4th cn. BCE cynic philosopher of Sinope.

13th century Dominican mystic who was almost forgotten until Franz von Baader revived his memory in the nineteenth century.

Group of ancient philosophers who sought to reach by selection the highest degree of probability in the search for truth.

Maintains that the individual self is the motivating moral force and the end of moral action.

The theory that all derived or secondary things flow from the primary.